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Stuyvesant Square is a park in the New York City borough of Manhattan, located between 15th Street, 17th Street, Rutherford Place, and Nathan D. Perlman Place (formerly Livingston Place). Second Avenue divides the park into two halves, east and west, and each half is surrounded by the original cast-iron fence.〔 The name is also used for the neighborhood around the park, roughly bounded by 14th and 18th Streets and First and Third Avenues.〔Bradley, James. "Stuyvesant Square" in , p.1134〕 ==History== In 1836, Peter Gerard Stuyvesant (1778–1847) – the great-great-grandson of Peter Stuyvesant〔 p.378〕 – and his wife Hellen (or Helena) Rutherfurd reserved four acres of the Stuyvesant farm and sold it for a token five dollars to the City of New York as a public park, originally to be called Holland Square, with the proviso that the City of New York build a fence around it. As time passed, however, no fence was constructed, and in 1839, Stuyvesant's family sued the City to cause it to enclose the land. Not until 1847 did the City begin to improve the park by erecting the magnificent cast-iron fence, which still stands as the second oldest in New York City. In 1850 two fountains completed the landscaping, and the park was formally opened to the public. The public space joined St. John's Square (no longer extant), the recently formed Washington Square and the private Gramercy Park as residential squares around which it was expected New York's better neighborhoods would be built. In the early 1900s, Stuyvesant Square was among the city's most fashionable addresses. The Stuyvesant Building, at 17 Livingston Place on the eastern edge of the Square, was home to such luminaries as publisher George Putnam, ''Harper's Bazaar'' editor Elizabeth Jordan and Elizabeth Custer, the widow of General George Armstrong Custer.〔Trombley, Laura Skandera. ''Mark Twain's Other Woman''. New York: Knopf, 2010 ISBN 978-0-307-27344-4 p.170〕 The opening of St. George’s Church, located on Rutherford Place and 16th Street (built on land obtained from Peter Stuyvesant, 1848–1856; burnt down in 1865;〔 remodeled by C.O.Blesch and L. Eidlitz, 1897)〔Anstice, Henry. ''History of St. George's Church in the city of New York, 1752-1811-1911''p. 187 ''et passim''.〕 and the Friends Meeting House and Seminary (to the southwest) (1861, Charles Bunting) attracted more residents to the area around the park. The earliest existing houses in the district, in the Greek Revival style, date to 1842-43, when the city's residential development was first moving north of 14th Street, but the major growth in the area occurred in the 1850s.〔 Fashionable houses were still being built as late as 1883, when Richard Morris Hunt's Sidney Webster House at 245 East 17th Street – now the East End Temple synagogue〔("2005 AIA Honor Awards Announced" ) ''Architectural Record'' (January 10, 2005)〕 – was completed,〔 but already German and Irish immigrants, had begun moving into new rowhouses and brownstones in the neighborhood, followed by Jewish, Italian and Slavic immigrants.〔〔, pp. 189-191〕 Other than Beth Israel, other hospitals were located in the neighborhood as well. The New York Infirmary for Women and Children was founded at 321 East 15th Street by the pioneering woman physician, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell.〔 The New York Lying-In Hospital on Second Avenue at 17th Street, is now condominiums, but the Hospital for Joint Diseases, a unit of NYU Medical Center is located across the avenue. Other now non-extistent hospitals included the Salvation Army's William Booth memorial Hospital, Manhattan General and St. Andrew's Convalescent Hospital.〔 Because of the number of hospitals in the district, there were many doctor's offices on the sidestreets, along with quack "doctors" and midwives who preyed on the area's immigrant population.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stuyvesant Square」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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